Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve—the longest nerve in the body—which runs from the lower back, through the hips and buttocks, and down each leg. This pain typically occurs when the nerve is compressed or irritated, often due to a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, muscle tightness, or inflammation.
People with sciatica may experience sharp, shooting pain, burning sensations, tingling, numbness, or weakness in the affected leg. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe, disabling pain, and may worsen with prolonged sitting, bending, or sudden movements.